The First Horn of the Ram – The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic

One of the mysteries of the prophetic book of Daniel is the enigma of the “Ram” of Daniel Eight. While the scholars, Jewish and Christian alike, proclaim that the Ram was Cyrus’ First Persian Empire in an epic war with Alexander the Great’s democratic and Hellenistic Grecian Empire, the archangel Gabriel proclaimed to Daniel, “Son of man, this vision refers to the time of the end.” (Daniel 8:17). According to Gabriel, this epic battle between the global forces of the Oriental East and the Occidental West was to be a “War of Civilizations” that “shall happen in the latter times of indignation (holocaust)” (Daniel 8:18)….in the latter time of their kingdoms when the transgressions have reached their fullness…” (Daniel 8:23) “for at the appointed times the end shall be…” (Daniel 8:18)

Gabriel assured the Babylonian and Persian statesman, now the Jewish prophet, that the vision of the “evenings and mornings which was told was true…” (Daniel 8:26) because “it refers to many days in the future….” (Daniel 8:26) when after “two thousand and three hundred days…then shall the sanctuary be cleansed.” (Daniel 8:14) Is it not amazing that two thousand and three hundred years (prophetic days) later into the future from the days of Daniel the prophet that the United Nations affirmatively voted for the Nation of Israel the only time in its history? In the fall 1947, a resolution for the homeland of the Jewish people was unanimously voted? This did not only occur in the exact year but the exact part of the year according to the calendar of the Jews that has been calculated by the Jewish sages since the creation of Adam. So begins our quest to discover the ancestral roots of the social and political roots of Ahmadinejad’s and the Ayatollah’s modern day Shi’ite Iran’s (Persia) quest for a global Islamic Caliphate.

As we watch the parleying in the United Nations with the defense of Russia and China to permit Iran to become a nuclear power in the Middle East, let us fully understand that President Mahmoud Ahmadinejad of Iran’s vision of a global Shi’ite Islamic Caliphate is the same global imperial vision of President Vladimir Putin (1999-present) in Russia and President Hu Jintao (2003-present) in China. Iran, Russian and China all three seek world domination as imperial oriental powers.

Let us carefully weave that tortuous path of unraveling the tapestry of the epic conquest from that globalist power in the ancient lands of Central Asia; the Greater Mongolian Empire of Genghis Khan in Persia (Il-Khanate of Persia), Russia (Kipchak Khanate of Russia) and China (Yuan Dynasty of the Kublai Khanate of China).

The Vision of Daniel at Shushan

As Daniel was standing by the river of U’lai, he was looking towards the north and to the east and there he saw a magnificent beast, a ram with two mighty horns. He was boldly covering the expanse of land to the north and east of the ancient province of Elam in Babylon. Whereas in the scroll of Daniel (Daniel 7:5) the Persian Empire was identified as a “Bear raised up on one side”, here in chapter eight of Daniel, the apocalyptic image of this great Persian Empire was depicted as a Mighty “Ram” with “two Horns.”

Daniel 7:5 –“And suddenly another beast, a second, like a bear. It was raised up on one side, and had three ribs in its mouth between its teeth. And they said thus to it: ‘Arise, devour much flesh!’”

Daniel 8:20 – “The ram which you saw, having the two horns – they are the kings of Media and Persia.”

The Great Wall of China by Matthew Mumford

Yet this same apocalyptic image would morph into a prophetic image as the image of the ram would change back into the image of a bear at the time of the end. Five hundred years there would be another apocalyptic book that would be written. At that time it gave an image of a great beast with “feet like a bear.”

Revelation 13:2 – “Then I stood on the sand of the sea. And I saw a beast rising up out of the sea, having seven heads and ten horns, and on his horns ten crowns, and on his heads a blasphemous name. Now the beast which I saw was like a leopard, his feet were like the feet of a bear, and his mouth like a mouth of a lion. The dragon gave him his power, his throne, and great authority.”

The First Horn of the Ram – The Union of Soviet Socialist Republic

Ask any young bright student of history what nation on this planet is symbolized by the “bear” and they would answer, Russia the Bear, known as the former Soviet Union. Here the clues begin to take a modern shape. As Daniel’s imagery of the bear and the ram were one in the same so also the ancient land of Persia, now transforming into the modern nation of Iran is depicting its symbiotic relationship with the Red Communist giant of Russia and the modern Islamic nation Iran (ancient Persia).

Union of Soviet Socialist Republic’s Extent during the Cold War

In the ancient days, the world was dividing up between the two Oriental powers of Babylon and Medo-Persia and the two Occidental powers of Greece and Rome. Each one of these powers exerted great influence on the history of the Jewish people. To the ancient oriental people, the soul of the national identity was held in the identity of the influence of their national state. The state was supreme just as the law of the Medes and the Persians that “could not be altered” was supreme. The people in the oriental world were subservient to the power of the state as is now reflected in the national identities of the communist countries from the former USSR (Union of Soviet Socialist Republic) and the People’s Republic of China.

The roots of the modern nation of Russia lay in the toppling of the imperial Tsarist government of Tsar Nicholas II in the February Revolution of 1917. This was followed by the October Bolshevik Revolution of 1917 led by the Vladimir Lenin and Leon Trotsky.

Vladimir Lenin (Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov) was of Jewish ancestry by his maternal grandfather. Leon Trotsky (Lev Davidovich Bronstein) was of Jewish descent by an illiterate Ukrainian Jewish farmer. Historians claim that these facts are not unusual for Russian Jews composed of about 95% of the Communists in the Bolshevik and the Menshevik Parties in Russia. The February and the Bolshevik October Revolution marked the first official Communist revolution based on the writings of the Jewish author Karl Marx in the twentieth century. Since its ten year anniversary in 1927, this epic and global event in that “Red October” has been called the Great October Socialist Revolution.

Here was the foundation of the future Cold War that gripped the world during the following four decades since the rise of the National State of Israel in 1947-1948.

Former Soviet Republics and their modern Independent Countries today: (1) Armenia, (2) Azerbaijan, (3) Belarus, (4) Estonia, (5) Georgia, (6) Kazakhstan, (7) Kyrgyszstan, (8) Latvia, (9) Lithuania, (10) Moldova, (11) Russia, (12)Tajikistan, (13) Turkmen, (14) Ukraine, (15) Uzbekistan.

The Republics of the Soviet Union were founded on the constitutional confederation that allowed in article 72, of the Russian constitution of 1977, that each republic had the right to secede from the USSR. Each one of the 15 Soviet Socialist Republics (SSR or Soviet Republics) with the exception of Russia had their own Communist Party.

From the day of its creation in 1922, the USSR created a highly centralized state where the foundation of the communist state by the Soviets (Councils) of the People’s Deputies was placed in all levels of the governments of each republic. Overall the highest level of control was at the Supreme Soviet of the USSR in the capital city of Moscow.

Along with the political administrative control of each republic stood a parallel structure of communist party organizations under the control of the Politburo. The communist party infiltrated all levels of each government, appointing the party and state leadership only by the approval of the central Communist Party. Here again we see, with the adoption of a form of democracy, the persistent form of the oriental form of governance where the state is supreme and the people are the servants of the state.

The Second Horn of the Ram – The People’s Republic of China

People’s Republic of China

The second great power of the Red Communist Leninist Communist bloc was the People’s Republic of China with its population of 1.3 billion people. It was founded on October 1, 1949 by the Communist Party of China (CPC), one year after the founding of the State of Israel. China became a constitutional socialist state noted with its great innovation in the privatization of its economy. At the same time, it was exerting powerful control over its banking and state-owned enterprises.

As with Russia, the foundation of Red Communist China began with the China Civil War between the Communist Party of China (CPC) and the Kuomintang (KMT) or the old Chinese National Party. This civil war ended with Mao Zedong and the Communist Party of China in firm control of mainland China. The Kuomintang (KMT) Party under the leadership of Chiang Kai-shek fled to the island of Taiwan and established the Republic of China popularly called “Taiwan.” This nation has been a powder keg between China and the western global powers to this day.

Xinhai Revolution – the End of the Manchurian Mongol Qing Dynasty of China

Yet it all began in China with the Xinhai Revolution (Hsinhai Revolution) in 1912. At this time the last imperial Chinese dynasty called the Qing (Pure) Dynasty (1616-1911) or the Manchu Dynasty was toppled. This Manchurian dynasty ruled the entire country of China for 267 years between the years of 1644 to 1911.

When it was overthrown in 1912, it not only ended its dynastic hegemony over China but it also ended 4000 years of dynastic rule in China. On this day of February 12, 1912, the Republic of China was born.

The founders of the Qing Dynasty were outsiders. They were not from the ruling Chinese majority called the Han Chinese but lived north of the Great Wall of China in what was called the Manchu state or Manchuria. Nestled between the eastern edge of the Gobi desert and the future lands of the Koreas and Japan, the peoples of this land would render useless one of the great landmarks in Chinese history, the Great Wall of China.

Taizu Emperor Nurhaci, the founder of the Manchurian Dynasty and the First Khan of Later Jin

Here also were the primal lands of the Mongolian hordes that dwelt in the tribal lands given by Noah to his son Japheth. For centuries, they swept across the upper plains of the Siberian meadows and wilderness into northern China, the Chinese Province of Manchuria.

BibleSearchers Reflection’s research documented in November, 2005, “The Mystery of Magog” that according to ancient anthropologists, these Mongols were the ancestral Indians that moved across the Aleutian Straits of Alaska and peopled the land of the Americas from the Great Indian Empires in the northeastern sector of the United States, the Navaho and Hopi Nations to the west and down into the lands of the Aztecs and Mayans in Mexico, Central and South Americas.

Today the various different Indian tribes have been genetically identified by their molar teeth and discovered that of nine different mtDNA sequencing groups, the Mongolians share all four different haplo-group types.

BibleSearchers Reflection research documented in November, 2005, “The Mystery of Magog” it stated:

BibleSearchers Reflections – “It is documented that the Na-dene Indian nations spoke the same root word pairs as Athabascan families of languages. When linguistic studies of a list of 36 word-pairs between the Apache American Indians and the Ket tribes who live along the Yenisey River in Central-Eastern Siberia were compared, it was discovered that they shared common roots to each of these word-pairs. In other words, “the Ket and the Apache and the Navajo are speaking the same Mongol/ Central Siberian dialect.”

The dynasty of the Manchu’s was formed in the 17^th century by a prince called Nurhaci. He was a Manchurian vassal of the Ming Dynasty who later declared himself the first Emperor (Khan) of the Later Jin in 1609. He began a military revolt against the Ming general Yuán Chonghuan. Right in the midst of the revolt, he unexpectantly died. His son, Huang Taiji, picked up the banner of his father’s political revolt and soon toppled the Ming Dynasty.

The Ming dynasty came to its end when the Chongzhen Emperor of China, the 16^th and last of the Ming dynasty hung himself on a tree on Coal Hill that was overlooking the Forbidden City.

Manchuria China, the land of the Qing Dynasty

The Manchurian general, Li Zicheng with 60,000 seasoned soldiers immediately headed to Shanhaiguan, the strategic pass fifty miles northeast of Beijing along the Great Wall of China where he returned to confront 100,000 troop garrison commanded by Wu Sangui, the commanding general for Emperor Chongzhen. As the Manchu rebels moved towards the royal “Forbidden City” the Ming general Wu Sangui was persuaded to open the gates at the Shanghai Pass. Here the Ming general formally gave control of the Great Wall that kept the Manchurian and Mongolian hordes out of China proper for almost 1400 years.

Huang Taiji, the first Emperor of the Manchu (Qing) Dynasty)

According to Chinese legend, it took three days for the entire army of the Manchu to pass into China. The days of the military defense of the Great Wall of China were now over. The Manchurians, with the Imperial Nephrite Jade Seal of the Mongolian Empire in their possession reigned over the land of China for the half a century until the rise of the Republic of China on February 12, 1912, when the Manchurian Qing Dynasty (1616-1911) was overthrown.

The dynasty of the Manchu’s was formed in the 17^th century by a prince called Nurhaci. He was a Manchurian vassal of the Ming Dynasty who later declared himself the first Emperor (Khan) of the Later Jin in 1609. He began a military revolt against the Ming general Yuán Chonghuan. Right in the midst of the revolt, he unexpectantly died. His son, Huang Taiji, picked up the banner of his father’s military revolt.

Chongzhen Emperor of China, the last of the Ming Dynasty

The eastern branch of the dynasty founded by Kublai Khan came to its final end. With the Great Nephrite Jade Seal, the mantle of the power of the Mongolians was transferred to the first Manchurian Emperor of the Qing Dynasty.

Emperor Huang Taiji renamed the Manchurian state the State of Qing and carried on with the revolt. Yet he died just before his troops entered and took possession of the Ming dynastic capital city in Beijing, China. The Ming capital city of Beijing was sacked and conquered by the Manchu rebels led by Li Zicheng under the banner of Prince Drogon, the regent to the six year old heir, Emperor Shunzhi, the son of Emperor Huang Taiji.

This dynastic overthrow opens up a new spectrum in Biblical prophecy. According to historians, the Great Wall of China was originally built as a defensive wall during the Qin Dynasty by the First Emperor Qin Shi Huang (221 to 210 BCE) around 200 BCE.

The Hall of Celestial Purity at the Forbidden City

It was later expanded, fortified and rebuilt by the Han Dynasty (1^st c. BCE), the Sui Dynasty (7^th c. CE), the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms between 1138-1198 CE and rebuilt in its present form by the emperors between Hongwu and Wanli of the Ming Dynasty between the years of 1368-1640.

The Great Wall of China

In the 1^st century BCE when the Qin Shi Huang of the Qin Dynasty ordered the construction of the Great Wall of China in 214 BCE, the first two Punic Wars between Carthage and Rome were being fought. This great series of wars was when the Romans defeated the Greek Empire and absorbed the Grecian Hellenistic culture into the rising Imperial culture of Rome.

The Great Wall of China near Beijing, China

Antiochus I Soter, the son of the Greek general Seleucus became emperor and heir of the Seleucid Empire (281 BCE). He became the great-grandfather of Antiochus Epiphanies IV, who desecrated the Temple of God in Jerusalem with the Abomination of Desolation and spawned the Maccabean revolt in 165 CE. This was the era of Ashoka the Great who ruled the Mauryan Empire in India (273-252 BCE) and two of the Seven Wonders of the World, the Colossus of Rhodes (282-226 BCE) and the Pharos Lighthouse of Alexandria (290-1480 BCE) that were built as beacons of their cultures.

Teotihuacán the largest pre-Columbian city in Americas was built in Mexico; Indian traders were plying merchandise from China to Arabia along the Silk Road; the Scythians were living in Sogdiana where modern-day Uzbekistan is today. The Han dynasty was founded (202 BCE to 8 CE) all while the Hopewell Culture began to flourish in the state of Ohio in ancient America.

The purpose of the Great Wall of China was to keep the northern semi-nomadic people of the Tribes of Magog from raiding and taking away stolen property from China. These Magog tribes included: the Central Mongolians under Altan Khan, the Western Mongols such as the Qirats under Esen Taiji and the Turkic Altays tribes and the Eastern Mongols such as the Manchus.

We now have the last link in the Mongolian succession from Genghis Khan to the Communist Republic of China. It was the Eastern Mongols, known as the Manchurians who became the Qing Dynasty that were actually Mongolian cousins when Elijei Hongor, the son of the last Mongolian Emperor, Lingdan Khan, gave them the Green Nephrite Jade Dynastic Seal of Genghis Khan and Kublai Khan in 1634.

Tribes of the Mid and Far East on the Eve of the Mongol Invasion in the 13^th century CE

Spanning nine provinces and 100 counties for a formidable 3,948 miles (6,352 km), this great wall stretched from the Shanghai Pass in the east near Beijing below Manchuria to Lop Nur in the Turin Basin. The Great Wall began at the Jiavuguan Pass that was the most intact and preserved pass on the extreme western end of China. It was located near an oasis called “The First and Greatest Pass Under Heaven.”

This Great Wall of China formed a barrier shield to protect the Chinese against a people that would later, at the time of the end, make their mark in Biblical prophecy as the military coalition leader, Gog from the Land of Magog. It was in January 2006, BibleSearchers Reflections posted the article titled, “The Rabbinic Interpretation on Gog of the Land of Mogog.” This article stated a central thesis that according to ancient Arab chroniclers, the Great Wall of China was called the “Wall of al-Mogog.”

Along the Great Wall of China, going from Central Siberia to the eastern coast of Asia and across the Aleutian Straits into Alaska, the Mongolians streamed into the New World. Lost for thousands of years, the American Indians highlighted by the Hopewell Culture with the Indian Mounds across Northeast and Midwestern United States remembered little of their ancestral roots in Central Mongolia. The prophetic Land of Mogog in Ezekiel 38 may today be found in the land of America. From the land of Manchuria on the border of the Gobi Desert to the plains of mid-America, the children of the Mogogs inhabited the ancestral lands of their migrations.

Jiavuguan Pass

Someday in the future according to the prophets of Israel, a war called the Gog-Mogog War would sweep over the Middle East. The leading rabbis of Israel consider that “Gog of the Land of Mogog” is none other than the president of the Land of Mogog in America. Is it possible that at that moment in time, in the near future, the leaders of the Nations of Iran, Russian and the United States will form a coalition of allies for an invasion into the land of Israel?

Ezekiel 38:1-5 (parts) – “Now the word of the Lord came to me saying, ‘Son of man, set your face against Gog of the land of Magog (Leader of America), the prince of Rosh (Russia?), Meshech (Moshkhi or Moscow?) and Tubal (Siberian or Anatolian local)…I will turn you around and put hooks into your jaws…Persia (Iran), Ethiopia (Egypt) and Libya (in Northern Africa) are with them…”

The Mongolian Empire of Genghis Khan and the Chinese Invasion

The real power of the Qing Dynasty began with the death in 1634 of Lingdan Khan, the last Great-Khan of Mongolia that began 430 years earlier with Genghis (Chinggus) Khan (1162-1227). It was in 1206 CE, Genghis molded the Turkik and Mongolian peoples into the largest contiguous empire in the world that stretched from Vienna, Austria throughout Persia, Middle Eastern Russia eastward to Korea and China. As such, Genghis Khan became the first Great Khan (Emperor) of the Mongol Empire that the Jews called Mogog.

Born with the name Temüjin, he was renamed Genghis Khan or “Universal Ruler” as he expanded his empire to the east towards the empire of the Western Xia in northern China and to the south into the Muslim Khwarezmid Empire in Persia and towards Europe in the west encapsulating Russia proper, Poland and Hungary.

Genghis (Chinggus) Khan

The warriors under Genghis Khan first headed towards China and were continuously frustrated in their ability to take over the fortifications of the major cities even though their battle prowess on the field was supreme.

With Chinese engineers, they continued to improve their siege military tactics until they were recognized to be “the most successful besiegers in the history of warfare.” As reported in Wikipedia:

Wikipedia, “Siege” – “By concentrating on the field armies, the strongholds had to wait. Of course, smaller fortresses, or ones easily surprised, were taken as they came along.

This had two effects. First, it cut off the principal city from communicating with other cities where they might expect aid. Secondly, refugees from these smaller cities would flee to the last stronghold. The reports from these cities and the streaming hordes of refugees not only reduced the morale of the inhabitants and garrison of the principle city, it also strained their resources.

Food and water reserves were taxed by the sudden influx of refugees. Soon, what was once a formidable undertaking became easy. The Mongols were then free to lay siege without interference of the field army as it had been destroyed…

At the siege of Aleppo, Hulegu used twenty catapults against the Bab al-Iraq (Gate of Iraq) alone. In Jûzjânî, there are several episodes in which the Mongols constructed hundreds of siege machines in order to surpass the number which the defending city possessed. While Jûzjânî surely exaggerated, the improbably high numbers which he used for both the Mongols and the defenders do give one a sense of the large numbers of machines used at a single siege.”

If the catapults were not devastating enough as siege machines, they were also used in biological warfare. The catapults would send airborne dead victims of the plague infested with fleas, cast them into the city and the plague would quickly spread and destroy the citizens within the impregnable walls.

Psychological warfare was used effectively. For example, the color of the tent of the Mongol commander sitting outside the city walls told the citizens within what their fate would be.

The first night, the “commander’s tent” would be white. If the city surrendered the city would be spared.

The second night the “tent” would be red. If the city surrendered, all the men would be killed and the women and children spared.

The Greater Mongolian Dynasty of Genghis Khan

On the third day, the tent was black. No one would live to the tell the story to the next generation. This imagery stands in stark contrast to Revelations Seals that also progress from White to Red to Black with about the same devastating results.

By 1213, the Great Wall of China that had hindered the northern Mongol hordes for almost a thousand years was breached. Three armies entered into the heart of Jin territory between the Great Wall and the Huang He (Yellow River) to the south. By 1215 the Jin capital of Yanjing (Beijing) was sacked by the Jin emperor, Xuan Zong. He removed his capital to the southern banks of the Yellow River at Kaifeng. It would take another 19 years before the emperor would be conquered.

By 1234, all of China would come under Mongolian rule as the Jin Empire and the Western Xia provinces went down. It would then take another forty five years of continuous warfare before the Southern Song Empire finally crumbled in the first war where firearms were used. During this time, Korea became a vassal to the Mongols and two invasion attempts were even made towards Japan.

The Death of Genghis Khan and the Division of the Mongolian Empire

When Genghis Khan died, he was survived by his four surviving sons; Jochi, Chagatai, Ögedei, and Tolui. The descendants of Jochi the eldest were given the western parts of the empire towards Europe between the Ural and the Irtish Rivers; “as far as the hooves of the Mongol horses had trodden.” Jochi though had a family secret that was a taboo in the House of Khan.

His mother, Börte Ujin, was the first wife and Grand Empress of the Great Genghis Khan and the head of the first Court of the House of Khan. She was described in history as a beautiful woman dressed in flowing white silken gowns, golden coins in her hair, carrying a white lamb and riding a white steed. Börte was the mother of Genghis four sons, Jochi, Chagatai, Ögedei, and Tolui plus five daughters.

At the age of 14, Börte was given in marriage to Temüjin’s (Genghis Khan). One night when Temüjin’s father was returning home after leaving Temüjin in the home of Börte and her family, he was murdered by the his enemies the Tartars, a Mongolian Turkic tribe in central Asia and eastern Europe who are mostly Sunni Islamic believers today.

Börte was abducted by the Merkits, an Asian tribe of unknown identity and kept hostage for nine months until Temüjin, Wang Khan and Jamuga, the childhood friend and blood-brother of the later Genghis Khan launched a lightning raid and rescued Börte from her captors.

Soon after her rescue, she delivered a child, named Jochi. Since she was raped during her captivity, Jochi’s parentage would always remain in suspect. As the love of Genghis’ life, when Genghis became the Great Khan, Börte was crowned the grand empress and remained with Genghis’ brother, Temuge, to rule the Mongolian homeland while the Great Khan was on the military battlefront. With Jochi’s parentage in doubt, it caused a strain between their relationships and eventually almost led to civil war between son and father as Jochi’s defiant refusal to participate in military campaigns.

The Four Kingdoms of the Greater Mongolia Empire

Upon the death of Genghis Khan in 1229, three of the eldest sons, Jochi, Chagatai, and Ögedei were each given 4000 “original” Mongol troops. The youngest son, Tolui, was given 101,000 troops.

Kashkar looking towards the Mountain Ranges that separate it from the Russian Possessions

Somewhat like the descendants of Alexander the Great, the rule of these four Mogog families branched across the entire then-known world from the Atlantic to the Pacific Ocean. Over the centuries the Greater Mongolian Empire was buttressed by four kingdoms or Khanates.

The second son of Genghis was Chagatai Khan who’s Khanate in Central Asia extended from the Ili River in eastern Kazakhstan near the Chinese border and Kashgaria in the western Tarim Basin all the way to Transoxiana in the modern states of Uzbekistan and southwest Kazakhstan. All together Chagatai’s realm centered on the five former Republics of Central Asia in the former Soviet Socialist Republics. They are now members of the Commonwealth of the Independent Soviet States: Kazakhstan, Kirghizstan, Tajikstan, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan. Known as the Chagatai Khanate, it remained the central part of the Mongolian Empire.

The Greater Mongolian Empire under Kublai Khan (1260-1368)

To the western regions into the land of the ancient Roman Empire, the descendants of Genghis eldest son, Jochi, made their imperial dreams centered in the present states of Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan in the Kipchak Khanate of the Golden Horde.

Using the Turkic Islamic tribes of central Asia as their main mercenary forces, the invasion of the Mongol forces into Europe appeared to be an Islamic invasion but which in fact had its central forces from the ancient tribe of Magog of the House of Japheth. Some historians claim that the cause of the Crusaders in the 11^th century came in revenge for the earlier Islamic jihad in central Europe. We now know that the Islamic jihad did reach to the northern borders of Spain during the era of Moorish Spain but there were no invasions from the eastern borders of Europe. Rather it was the Mongolians of the Golden Horde that were hiring mercenaries of the Turkic Islamic tribes of Central Asia that made the invasion of the Golden Horde of the Kipchak Khanate appear to be an Islamic invasion.

Kublai Khan, the Grand Khan of the Greater Mongolian Empire

To the east, Yuán Dynasty of China fulfilled its imperial ambitions that peaked under the Mongol emperor Kublai Khan, the grandson of Genghis Khan. He began the first foreign rule of China in 1271. As the Grand Khan, he moved the Central Mongolian capital to Beijing as the Great Khanate. During his rule, the mainland of China retained its Confucian religious identity.

It was the youngest son of Genghis Khan, Tolui, who was given the greatest number of warriors. Rejecting the Grand Khan title, Tolui gave the title of the second Grand Khan to his father’s choice, his brother Ögedei. Ögedei’s noted and amazing military skills took him to China in the campaigns against the Jin Dynasty and to Persia in the campaigns against the Persian Khwarezmid Empire.

Even so though Tolui never established his own imperial state, his sons by his wife Sorghaghtani Beki; Möngke Khan became the third Grand Khan; Kublai Khan became the fourth Grand Khan; Ariq Boke who challenged Kublai as the Khan of China and finally Hülegü Khan, the younger brother who molded his imperial designs in conquering the Persian Islamic Caliphate in Iran of the Khwarezmid Empire and establishing the dynasty of the Mongolian Il-Khanate.

Hülegü Khan who was given the most ambitious military task by his brother Möngke Khan to:

destroy the mystical Islamic Ismaeli Muslims called the Assassins;
To subdue the ancient warrior state of Lurestan in Iran west of the Zagros Mountains;
To submit or destroy the Caliphate of Abbasid in Baghdad,
The Ayyubid Dynasty in Syria and
The Mamluk Sultanate in Egypt.

In the zeal to carry out his brothers orders, Hülegü forgot to “treat kindly those who submit” and only fulfilled with great passion the command to “utterly destroy those who did not.”

Hulegu Khan of the Ilkhanate of Persia resting during a hunt. Picture includes a Mongol bow, arrows and unique footwear

During the campaign to subdue all the Islamic dynasties in the Middle East, the powerful Hashshashin (Assassins) of the Ismaili Cult, that produced terror throughout the Islamic Abbasid Empire, offered a truce by their ruler, Ruknuddin Khor-shah. With Hülegü’s refusal, the Assassins surrendered, without even a battle, their impregnable fortress called Alamut.

Sitting south of the Caspian Sea, Alamut was built with only one possible entrance. Islamic traditions speak of its famed gardens and library. This fortress and the Ismailite Assassins were destroyed on December 15, 1256 by the ruthless campaign of Hülegü Khan.

Towards the south and to the Promised Land the Mongolian imperial dreams of the Mongolian Persian Il-khanate set their eyes to conquer and dominate the entire Middle East. Their kingdom centered in the former lands of the ancient Persian and Babylonian empires.

The effect upon Europe and the Middle East was profoundly affected by the descendants of both Jochi and Hülegü. This came because of the family dissatisfaction by the descendants of Jochi with Hülegü Khan. The Jochi clan had to extend their empire with the auxiliary troops they had subjugated which were predominately Turkish in descent but believers of the Muslim faith. This Turkish and Islamic element would carry its effects clear to the time of the end.

While the central leadership of the Golden Horde left their animist religious beliefs and became Nestorian Christians, it was Berke Khan who was converted to Islam that effectively halted the Mongolian advance into the Middle East.

Ögedei Khan, the second Great Khan of the Greater Mongolian Empire

Ögedei Khan, the third son of Genghis Khan, was nominated in 1229 to be the Great Khan, by the kuriltai, the Mongolian military council to succeed his father. Always a favorite of his father, Ögedei Khan was a personable, charismatic man with the ability in a debate to sway his detractors just by the dynamic force of his personality. As a grown man, he was known to be physically large, jovial with the interest and intent of having a good time. Though intelligent, the genius of Genghis Khan was not a mark of his character. Yet his reign was steady and thoughtful as he learned to keep good advisors. By keeping his father’s good military generals, he knew his limitations and followed their sage advice. As the history of the Mongolians attest, the brilliant strategy and organizational ability of Genghis Khan plus the personal charisma of Ögedei Khan is what kept the momentum of the Mongol Empire as it expanded to the east, the west and to the south.

As all his brothers, he came from a warrior family. From his youth, he was part of his father’s imperial dream. He soon became noted for his pragmatic vision but with an eye for the end results. Even though he was a Great Khan, he was a humble man. Part of this may have been his insecurities of following in his father’s giant footsteps which opened to him his most fatal flaw. He was an alcoholic born to a father who was larger to life that forbad the use of alcohol.

Ögedei Khan, the second Great Khan of the Mongols

During the reign of Ögedei, the Chinese Jurchin Jin Empire (1234) collapsed and the conflicts with the Southern Song dynasty began which lasted until it collapsed in 1271. The Koreas became a vassal state, Persia came under the Mongolian permanent control with Ögedei’s general, Chormagan, and the Russian steppes plus Hungary and Poland were subdued and ruled by the heirs of Batu Khan for over one hundred fifty years.

The central ties of the Greater Mongolian Empire between China, Persia and Russia is a factor that appears to be played out in biblical prophecy; in the prophesy of Daniel eight of the Ram and the he-Goat, the Ezekiel prophesies of the King of the North and the King of the South and the currently fulfilling prophesies of Gog from the Land of Mogog.

The Invasion of Europe by Batu Khan and the Golden Horde

Jochi Khan had two sons; Orda and Batu. One of the Mongol leaders in the invasion of Russia in 1237-1242, Orda was the eldest grandson of Genghis and received the eastern part of Jochi’s inheritance as their father, Jochi, died before his father Genghis Khan. Commanding what was called the “White Horde,” Orda’s inheritance lay between the Ural and the Volga Rivers.

Batu’s inheritance on the other hand became the “Blue Horde” or the lands west of the Volga River. Orda’s early demise saw the White Horde swallowed up by the Blue Horde. When combined, it became known as the Russian Kipchak Khanate or the “Golden Horde.”

Batu Khan of the Kipchak Khanate

To the west under the command of Batu Khan the Russian steppes including all of Russia except Novgorod were taken control by the Golden Horde. On April 5, 1241 the feudal Polish nobility and the Knights Templars were defeated by the Mongolian general Subutai in the Battle of Liegnitz. On April 27, Bela IV of Hungary was defeated by Batu Khan in the Battle of Muhi on the Sajo River. Vienna, Austria was next on the path of destruction.

Suddenly the news arrived by courier that Ögedei Khan, the third son of Genghis Khan and the Great Khan of the Mongol Empire had died. Family intrigue plus the “spirits” of the “fruit of the vine” and possibly poison swept away the life of this mighty Khan of the Mogogs. According to the directives for succession left by the great Genghis Khan, all the generals and rulers of the Mongol Empire had to return to the capital to select a new imperial ruler in the kuriltai, the Mongolian military council. This new ruler would come from the family of Genghis Khan.

Ögedei Khan had already given the military directive to conquer all of Europe all the way to the “Great Sea” or the Atlantic Ocean. Except for the unexpectant death of the Great Khan, the entire continent of Europe would have been swept under the devastating hordes of the Mongols.

In the fall of 1241, Batu and his able general Subutai made plans to invade Austria, destroy Vienna and then move in to conquer the German principalities and onwards to Italy. The following year, 1242, they planned to invade France and Spain with the same expectant fate.

All historians agree that with the fateful demise of the European Knights Templar and German Teutonic Knights at Legnitz and the massive army of Bela IV of Hungary, within three weeks of each other, there was no merging European general with the military skills to match the ruthless war machine of the Golden Horde.

The citizens of Vienna Austria were panicked as the Mongols were launching a dual winter campaign against Austria and Germany as the first wave of assault into Western Europe. Suddenly one morning the Golden Horde vanished like the mist of the morning. For weeks life stood in suspense in the continent of Europe but the Mongols never again touched foot on the central European continent.

Here we first begin to see the finger of the Lord of hosts working his will upon nations of the earth. As we shall see later with the invasion of Hülegü Khan in the Middle East, every time Mongolians moved to conquer an area where a large number of Jews lived, their military plans were thwarted by death or division within the family of Genghis Khan. As the forces of the Golden Horde were poised to invade the central part of the continent of Europe, the pathway of their entry was in the city of Vienna, Austria. Are we being too bold to suggest that Europe was saved from complete destruction by the Golden Horde because within the European cities were large and thriving communities of Jewish people?

The Death of Ögedei Khan the Second Great Khan of the Mongols

The new Khan only emerged after the widow of Ögedei; Töregene Khatun ruled as regent for five years (1241-1246) until her eldest son by Ögedei; Güyük Khan was elected in 1246. Töregene was described by chroniclers as ruthless but very effective in her charm to balance the competing powers of the multiple princes of the House of Khan. This family dynasty appears similar to what is today seen in the political intrigue found in the House of Saud in Saudi Arabia today.

As one of many wives in the Mongolian polygamous community, Töregene Khatun used her charm and ruthlessness to unseat the line of succession through Ögedei Khan’s favorite son Kochu by another wife. Töregene was determined that her son would become the next in line to the royal throne. Yet, Kochu’s son, Siremun had been given the favored nod by Ögedei Khan to be the next Great Khan.

Unable to persuade her husband to change his election, Töregene changed the political future of the Mongols by political intrigue. First she encouraged the drunken states of Ögedei but when that took too long, the rumors in the land was that she or her sisters poisoned the Great Khan and Töregene Khatun became the Regent until a new Khan was elected.

Güyük Khan the Third Great Khan of the Mongols and its Affects on the European Invasion

The eventual emergence of Güyük Khan (1246-1248) as the Great Khan was solely at the political machinations of his mother, Töregene Khatun. This election did not sit well with Batu Khan the leader of the Kipchak Khanate in Russia.

Batu, a son of Genghis’ oldest son Jochi and Güyük both served on the Russian front during the invasion into Europe between the years 1236-1241. During this time, the quarrels between them became intense until Güyük was recalled to Mongolia.

During these five years, 1241-1246 of hiatus when the Mongolian forces were at a standstill until the next Great Khan could be elected the following events occurred on the European continent. The future King Alexander III of Scotland, the future King Philip III of France and Eleanor of Castile, the future queen of Edward I of England were born. The continent of Europe also saw the deaths of; King Henry II of Poland, Vladimir II the Conqueror of Denmark and Queen Isabella of England the wife of Frederick II the famous crusader King of the Holy Roman Empire who became the King of Jerusalem.

Innocent IV was elected pope in Rome the next year he sent two missions to the Kipchak Khan suggesting that the Mongols convert to Christianity. As noted, Frederick II, the Holy Roman Emperor was in power in Germany while James I reigned (1213-1276) as the King of Aragon (northern Spain) and Count of Barcelona while in neighboring Castile (Northern Spain). Ferdinand III, the Saint King of Castile and Leon reigned from 1217-1252.

At the time of the first Mongolian military council nomination in 1241, Batu Khan was a leading candidate to become the Great Khan. In the process of the next five years during the regency of Töregene Khatun and with the eventual nomination of Güyük Khan in 1246, Batu turned his attention to consolidating his conquests in Asia and the regions surrounding the Urals in central Russia. His brilliant general, Subutai, remained in central Mongolia after the election at the kuriltai, the Mongolian military council. He died two years later in 1248.

Batu Khan and the Great Khan Güyük Khan by this time had become bitter enemies. It was to the interest of Batu to take part of his military forces and now to protect his eastern front in case of a potential central Mongolian invasion into his provinces. This battle of the wills between Güyük Khan and Batu Khan came to a head in 1248 when Batu was ordered by Great Khan Güyük Khan to come to Mongolia. He assumed that he would be arrested. With that in mind, Batu was returning with a large army. Civil war with Güyük seemed inevitable.

On the way to battle Güyük died at the age of forty two with the effects of the combination of alcoholism and gout. His widow Oghul Ghaimish became the regent but not for long as the Mongolian rulership would soon be taken from the House of Ögedei Khan, the third son of Genghis Khan.

Möngke Khan (1251-1259) the Fourth Great Khan of Mongolia

When the Great Khan Güyük died in 1248, Möngke Khan, the son of Tolui and Sorghaghtani Beki, became the Great Khan at the kuriltai of the Mongolian Military Council in 1251. He was supported by his brothers, Kublai, Hülegü and Arigh Boke Khan.

The warring factions between the House of Ögedei, Genghis third son, and the House of Tolui, Genghis’ fourth son were boiling. Batu Khan, the senior male of the family from the House of Jochi, Genghis first son, allied his family with Möngke and the House of Tolui. He and his brother Berke called the kuriltai and with a show of force elected Möngke Khan in 1251.

Suppressing an assassination attempt by the Ögedeiid faction, the reign of Möngke Khan began to make its affect both on the European and the Asia fronts. Möngke early in his training and career participated in the 1236-1241 European campaign first in southeast Russia with the destruction of Kiev. His last military engagement was the assault and destruction of the great army of Beli IV of Hungary where it was estimated that 800,000 Europeans died. Just before the sudden halt to the invasion of central Europe, Möngke returned to Mongolia.

Möngke Khan the fourth Great Khan of Mongolia

Möngke was a serious ruler but his interests were in the east in China than in the western realms of Europe. He attempted to circumvent the Song Dynasty of China. He later invaded Indochina to open a base for the final attack on the Song’s from the west, the north and the south.

The second front of expansion by Möngke was to send his brother Hülegü towards the south into the lands of the Persians and the Egyptians. The western front was at peace with a show of unity to Batu Khan, he allowed Batu to consolidate his own semi-autonomous kingdom in Russia. Yet as the war in China progressed, Möngke fell ill and died of dysentery in 1259. The death of Möngke paved the way for the first United Mongolian Yuán Emperor of China, Kublai Khan.

Sartaq Khan of the Golden Horde and Alexander Nevsky the Grand Prince of Novgorod

As he returned to Russia, Batu Khan established the capital of the Kipchak Khanate at Sarai on the Lower Volga River in 1242.

Astrakhan Kremlin dates back to the 1580s

The site of this capital called Sarai-al-Margrus or Saraj is in dispute by some scholars but the most likely spot is at the Tsarev archeological site at the Akhtuba channel 22 miles south of Volgograd. The capital was later moved to a new site called Astrakhan near where the delta of the Volga River opens into the Caspian Sea.

According to history, Tamerlane destroyed Sarai Merke in 1395. It was later destroyed by Mengli Ghiray of the Crimean Khanate in 1502 and for the third time was destroyed by Ivan IV of Russia where he conquered the Astrakhan Khanate in 1556. Soon after this around 1623 a merchant called Fedot Afanasyevich Kotov was journeying to Persia when he made this observation in route:

Fedot Afanasyevich Kotov (1623) – “Here by the river Akhtuba stands the Golden Horde. The khan's court, palaces, and courts, and mosques are all made of stone. But now all these buildings are being dismantled and the stone is being taken to Astrakhan.”

As Batu Khan grew older, he still intended to carry forth with his invasion plans to Europe after the death of Güyük Khan who died the same year as Batu’s general, Subutai, in 1248. Before he could carry out Subutai’s military strategy, he died in 1255 and the Kipchak Khanate was passed to his son, Sartaq Khan. The Kipchak Khanate continued to rule Russia or through the vassalage of Novgorod for the next 150 years (1400s).

The Common Persian Influence of the Onion Domes on the Wooden Churches in Kizhi and Vytegra with 25 onion domes and the Savior Cathedral where Alexander Nevsky, the “Adopted Friend” of Sartaq Khan was baptized

Sartaq Khan, the son of Batu Khan, the grandson of Jochi Khan, the great-grandson of Genghis Khan, was now the successor to the throne of the Golden Horde, the western front of the Greater Mongolian Empire in Russia. As the son of Batu Khan and the Empress Dowager Khanum Boraqcin of Hwarizim Sahi (Kipchak Khanate), he was befriended and became the sworn brother in 1251 of an Alexander Nevsky who was adopted by Batu Khan before his death.

Alexander Nevsky was the Grand Prince of Novgorod and Vladimir who today is a legendary medieval Russian saint for his epic military victories over the Swedes in the Battle of Neva in 1240 when he was nineteen years old. Thus his name Nevsky, from the Battle of Neva.

A year later he was again summoned to gather together an army to fight against the invasion led by the Magister of the German Teutonic Order, Hermann the brother of Albert of Buxhoeveden. Battling the armored and mounted Teutonic Knights on the ice of Chudskove Lake in the Battle of the Ice on Lake Peipus on April 5, 1242, he stopped any future invasion into Russia by Germany for several centuries.

Alexander was baptized a Christian at the Spaso-Prebrazhensky (Savior Cathedral) at Pereslavle-Zalessky (1152-1157)

This battle became one of the most significant defeats by the Roman Catholic crusaders against Orthodox Novgorod and other Russian areas in what was called the Northern Crusade. Little is known nor understood, that the Christian Crusades were not limited to Jerusalem and the Holy Land.

Parallel with the Second Crusade to the Holy Land initiated by Pope Eugenius III in 1145, a series of Crusades were launched all over Europe. The Roman papacy was on the warpath to expand the influence of the Roman Catholic Church even if it meant by military conquest. Whereas the royal patrons of the papacy, Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany along with the nobility and Catholic military orders went to the Holy land, the Mongolian Khanate in Russia came under attack by the German Teutonic Knights, a military order of the Catholic Church.

Let us consider what would have happened if the wife of Ögedei Khan had not intervened in the political succession of the Great Khan and assisted in the murder of the Great Khan Ögedei Khan.

Europe would have been destroyed and the western Roman culture would have been forever altered.
The Second Crusade or any of the Christian Catholic Crusades would never have made history by attacking the Islamic cities in the Middle East and recovering the Holy Places of Christianity for the Roman Catholic Pope.
The Roman Catholic Church would have crumbled as pagan and Islamic hordes would have destroyed the European Christian culture just rising out of the Dark Ages.
The European Union today would have governance more akin to the ancient oriental societies of Babylon and Medo-Persia than the Greco-Roman Hellenistic influence that it exerts today.
The future global effects of Christianity would have been crushed.
America would never have been re-discovered by the Jewish explorer, Christopher Columbus under the Christian Catholic patrons of Ferdinand and Isabella of Spain.
Islamic Golden Renaissance may not have been destroyed by the Mongolian hordes of Hülegü Khan.

What Alexander Nevsky was most noted was his astute conciliatory policy towards Batu and Saraq Khan in the invasion of the Golden Horde. It was the political genius of Alexander Nevsky that made Novgorod unique in Russian history for this city was not destroyed nor the citizens slaughtered as every other Russian city experienced.

What is more interesting is the effect of Alexander Nevsky on the young Mongol prince, Sartaq. The religion of the Mongolian was a form of Shamanism yet Sartaq by Armenian authors is reputed to have been converted to Russian Orthodox Christianity. It was August 29, 1254 that Duke Sartaq Khan sent a priest as an envoy to Pope Innocent III along with a letter in which he stated that he was baptized as a Christian.

Alexander Nevsky, the Grand Prince of Novgorod and Vladimir (1220-1263)

Upon the death of Batu Khan in 1255, Sartaq became the Khan of the Golden Horde, but shortly died in 1256. He was succeeded by Ulaqchi Khan for a few months until 1257 when the brother to Batu Khan, Berke Khan became the Khan of the Russian Kipchak Khanate. There was one fact that lay hidden in the psychic of the new Khan of the Russian Kipchak Khanate. Berke Khan was a convert of Islam. The course of Jewish and Islamic history would be re-written by this event.

It was Berke Khan, now the leader of the Golden Horde (1257-1266) that changed the course of history for the Mongolian Empire. After the death of his brother Batu Khan, the last of the first generation family of Genghis Khan was gone. The course of offense into the Middle East and the Holy Land turned into a defense. It was now that the powerful Mongol chieftain of the Russian Golden Kipchak Khanate turned against his Mongol cousins and in alliance with the Mameluks of Egypt, defended to preserve the Holy Land from any further Mongolian advances. Why?

A Persian Rug depicting an old scene from the Turquoise Blue “Shah Mosque” of Isfahan south of Tehran, formerly in the Median Empire

Whereas Sartaq Khan was the son of Batu Khan, the grandson of Jochi Khan and became a Russian Orthodox Christian, it was Berke, Batu Khan’s brother who turned his allegiance to Allah and became a Muslim.

In his early life, Berke Khan formed a family coalition with his brothers: Orda, Sinkur and Siban along with other cousins under the command of his brother Batu. With 150,000 soldiers, they marched into Siberia and conquered the Bulgars and the Kipchak Turkic. These conquered nomadic tribes in southern Russia along the Black Sea. They became the military foundation of the armies that devastated Eastern Europe and formed the Kipchak Khanate comprising Russia, Ukrainia and Kazakhstan that later were called the Golden Horde.

The Goharshad Mosque (1418 CE) dedicated to the Wife of Shah Rukh (1377-1447) the Eastern Regions of Tamerlane’s Empire in Persia and Transoxiana (1405-1447)

By 1259, it was the decision of the Military Council of the Golden Horde to support Berke Khan’s deadly determination to invade Persia and destroy Hulagu Khan of the Il-Khanate. This action by a Mongolian leader recently converted to Islam was because of the deadly intentions of Hulagu Khan that led to the devastating and horrific action in 1258 when Baghdad was sacked and conquered.

It was not only Baghdad with the murder of the Caliph Al-Musta’sim but also Syria, Jerusalem and even Mecca that Hülegü Khan was seeking to destroy. To prepare for this invasion against their own cousin, Poland was attacked by General Nogai Khan in the regions of Lublin, Sandomierz, Krakow and Byton to loot and gather funds for the coming invasion.

After the conversion of Berke Khan to Islam the majority of the supreme council and military troops became Muslim thus seeding the Muslin identity in the present independent states in eastern Russia. In a jihad against his own brethren, Berke’s blood vengeance bid its time until 1262, when Hulagu Khan returned from the Mongolian kuriltai, the Mongolian Military Council to elect Kublai Khan after the death of the fourth Great Khan, Möngke Khan.

There awaiting Hülegü was a civil war between the Il-Khanate of Persia and the Kipchak Khanate of the Golden Horde. With an alliance with Sultan Baibars of the Egyptian Mamluks, Berke in a series of raids drew the armies of the returning Hülegü Khan to the north and there began the first Mongol civil war. This was the beginning of the end for the Greater Mongolian Empire four hundred years later.

Bibi Khanum Mosque (14th century) in Samarkand, Uzbekistan

The blood oath of Berke to destroy Hülegü was recorded in history in a letter to the Supreme Möngke Khan, who unknown to Berke had just died. Berke protested Hulagu’s attack on Baghdad as quoted by the Islamic historian Rashid al Din:

Berke Khan - “He sacked all the cities of the Muslims, and has brought about the death of the Caliph. With the help of God I will call him to account for so much innocent blood.” (David Nicolle in “The Mongol Warlords”, Brockhampton Press, 1998 and “The Mamluk-Ilkhanid War” written by Reuven Amitai-Preiss, 1998)

In the year 1263 the forces of Hülegü were attempting to invade the territories north of the Caucasus Mountains when he met the forces of Berke’s cousin Nogai at the Terek River. Forced into retreat, the era of Hulagu was over, the containment of the Il-Khanate the Mongolian occupation government in Persia was complete.

Hulagu died in 1265. Historians to date are in general agreement that without the actions of the Russian Kipchak Khanate (Golden Horde), the remainder of the Holy Land, Jerusalem down to the city of Mecca would have shared the same destructive fate as Baghdad.

During the previous 150 years, the Holy Land had been riveted between the Christian Crusaders and the Islamic inhabitants over the future destiny of who would control the land that the God of Israel called His own. Surprising as it may seem, the influence of the Jews on either of these choices appeared to be minimal. Yet, the affect upon the Jewish population was significant.

The Jewish population in the Middle East suddenly found that they had two enemies: the Catholic Christian Crusaders that wanted to drive out the infidels; Muslims and Jewish alike from the Holy Land. These same Crusaders then allied themselves with the Mongolian forces of Hülegü Khan that were coming with the same intention; to drive out the Muslim population and those Jews that were living with the Islamic people.

What was significant was the affect of the Crusaders upon the soon to be invasion of the Mongolian hordes into the Middle East. The Mongol presence would forever alter the geo-political and social climate of these ancient lands. They would seal forever the social-cultural identity of the lands of the former Persian and Babylonian Empires with the Russian and Chinese people.

The Onion Domes of the Basil Cathedral in Moscow, Russia (1555-1561)

As we progress into the Part Two of this series, “Saladin and the Christian Crusades, a Prelude to the Mongolian Invasion of Persia” we will restudy the era of the Christian Crusades and the rise of the Ayyubid dynasty of that Kurdish warrior, Saladin the Great.

The Globalist Red Internationale Axis –

Greater Mongolian Dynasty of Russia, China and Persia

Go to Part One: “The Mongolian Il-Khanate Persian Ram and the Horns of the Kipchak Khanate of Russia and the Kublai Khanate of China”

Go to Part Two: “Saladin and the Christian Crusades, a Prelude to the Mongolian Invasion of Persia”

Go to Part Three: “The Persian Il-Khanate Dynasty, the Ismaili Assassins and the Jews”

Go to Part Four: “The Final Kingdoms of the Mongolian Empire and the Rise of the Modern Communist States of Russia and China”

Daniel 8 – The Epic War of Civilizations between the

Western Golden Internationale and the Eastern Red Internationale

Go to Part One –

“Daniel, the Palace at Shushan and the Tomb of Daniel”

Go to Part Two –

“The Two-horned Ram, the Shaggy Unicorn he-Goat and the Rise of the Little Horn”

Go to Part Three –

“The Rabbinic Interpretation of the 2300 Day Prophecy”

Go to Part Four –

“The Rise of Israel and the Ancient Empires”

Go to Part Five –

“The Rise of the Ancient Kingdoms of Assyria, Babylon and Persia at the Time of the End”

Go to Part Six –

“The Apocalyptic Globalist Sea Beast, the Islamic Earth Beast and the Rise of the Shi’ite Theocratic Nation of Islam”

Go to Part Seven –

“The Messianic Shi’ite Theocratic Nation of Islam”

Go to Part Eight, Section One –

“The Globalist Red Internationale Axis – Greater Mongolian Dynasty of Russia, China and Persia”

“The Mongolian Il-Khanate Persian Ram and the Horns of the Kipchak Khanate of Russia and the Kublai Khanate of China”

Go to Part Eight, Section Two -

“The Globalist Red Internationale Axis – Greater Mongolian Dynasty of Russia, China and Persia”

“Saladin and the Christian Crusades, a Prelude to the Mongolian Invasion of Persia”

Go to Part Eight, Section Three -

“The Globalist Red Internationale Axis – Greater Mongolian Dynasty of Russia, China and Persia”

“The Persian Il-Khanate Dynasty, the Ismaili Assassins and the Jews”

Go to Part Eight, Section Four -

“The Globalist Red Internationale Axis – Greater Mongolian Dynasty of Russia, China and Persia”

“The Final Kingdoms of the Mongolian Empire and the Rise of the Modern Communist States of Russia and China”

Go to Part Nine

“The Influence of the Persian Ram upon the Modern Islamic Shi’ite Nation of Iran”- Section One

Go to Part Ten

“The Influence of the Persian Ram upon the Modern Islamic Shi’ite Nation of Iran”- Section Two

Go to Part Eleven

“The Influence of the Persian Ram upon the Modern Islamic Shi’ite Nation of Iran”- Section Three

Go to Part Twelve –

“Is the “War of Civilization” about to Erupt in the Persian Gulf” - Part One

Go to Part Thirteen –

“Wake Up World – The “War of Civilization” is all about Israel” - Part Two

Go to Part Fourteen –

“The Map of the ‘New Middle East’”

Go to Part Fifteen

“The Pathway of NATO and the ‘New Middle East’”

Go to Part Sixteen

“Frantic Drive for the Legacy of Global Domination”

History predominately taken from the Free Internet Encyclopedia Wikipedia

Message from BibleSearchers

BibleSearchers scans the world for information that has relevance on the time of the end. It is our prayer that this will allow the believers in the Almighty One of Israel to “watch and be ready”. Our readiness has nothing to do trying to halt the progression of evil on our planet earth. In our readiness, we seek to be prepared for the coming of the Messiah of Israel so that goodness and evil will be manifested in its fullest. Our preparation is a pathway of spiritual readiness for a world of peace. Our defender is the Lord of hosts. The time of the end suggests that the Eternal One of Israel’s intent is to close out this chapter of earth’s history so that the perpetrators of evil, those that seek power, greed and control, will be eliminated from this planet earth. The wars of the heavens are being played out on this planet earth and humans will live through it to testify of the might, power, justice and the love of the God of Israel. In a world of corruption and disinformation, we cannot always know what the historical truth is and who is promoting evil or mis-information. We cannot guarantee our sources but we will always seek to portray trends that can be validated in the Torah and the testimony of the prophets of the Old and the New Testament.

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