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“Jerusalem, a Cup of Trembling”
The Oracles of God in Zechariah 9-14 and the Beginning Days of Redemption
A History of Jerusalem and the Land
Translation by the New King James Version
Rabbinic Commentary by Maggid ben Yoseif
Biblical Commentary by Robert D. Mock MD
February 9, 2002
Edited March, 2003
Reedited December 2006 and May 2008
“Zechariah 12, Verse 2”
Topics
The Burden of the Lord Against Israel
I will Make Jerusalem a Cup of Trembling
The Nations of the World Tremble
The Burden of the Lord Against Israel
Zechariah 12:1 – “The Burden of the Lord against Israel.
Thus says the Lord, who stretches out the heavens,
Lays the foundation of the earth.”
The Lord of hosts very succinctly states His purpose: this is an oracle against Israel. Let us not be deceived, many have seen the great suffering the Jewish people have gone through, the Holocaust, the multiple wars where the Moslem nations around them have sought to exterminate or “drive them out to the sea” and have said, “Enough is enough”. Then the Lord of hosts states, “Here is another oracle or “burden” that will be placed upon you.”
The facts are the nations of the earth have intensified their anti-Semitic feelings against the Nation of Israel over and over the last fifty years. Only one time has the United Nations had a favorable legislation for the Jewish people. That was in the year of 1947, when the nations of the world voted for the Jewish people to have their own homeland. Granted that only 10% of the land that was chartered for them by the League of Nations was eventually given to them, but even so the vote was favorable. Since then, there has not been any nation that has been under the severest condemnation by vote after vote as the Nation of Israel. There has not been a nation that has had to fight as many wars for its own national survival than the Nation of Israel. There has not been a nation that what little land was given for her own homeland that has been demanded over and over to partition, give up to another peoples who sole purpose is to seek the extermination of the Jewish people. Yet the Burden of the Lord has been upon Israel.
With this the Lord of hosts states His credentials. “I am He that created the Universe and stretched out the heavens like a carpet into the vast reaches of infinite space. I am He that formed the iron gyroscoping core in the center of the earth and laid a mantle on top of it. This is the Lord of hosts and with it He says, Trust me!
The awesome power and majesty of the Divine One is so immense that we invite you to a separate study on God the Creator and the Throne of God.
“And forms the spirit of man within him.”
Imbedded in the matrix of the DNA in man is the “Image of Creation”. The Lord of hosts, the ruler of all universes, all dimensions of the created worlds left an imprint of the World of the Divine in the formation, not just creation, of man. This was the “Image of God”. For us to understand how man became a “living soul” by combining the “dust of the ground” and adding the “breath of God”, we must understand how the Lord of hosts created the universes and the multiple dimensions of created beings.
Within the matrix of man and the Image of God in which man was creation is the model or blueprint of all creation. A miniature model of the Divine, the creation of man was the highlight and epitome of creation. To understand the nature of man, the Image of God, one must also understand the process of creation as understood by the Hebrews. We invite you to a study on The Worlds of Creation and the Spirit and Souls of Man.
I will Make Jerusalem a Cup of Trembling
Zechariah 12:2 – Behold, I will make
Jerusalem a cup of trembling
Unto all the people round about,
When they shall be in the siege both against Judah
And against Jerusalem .
Drinking from the “Chalice” of the God of Israel
Redak calls this a cup of poison to all who drink. The Targum Yonatan says there will even be Jews who will oppose Jerusalem!! How true this is with those wanting to divide Jerusalem and look how the issue of the division of Jerusalem led to Barak’s downfall and Sharon’s rise. DON’T TOUCH JERUSALEM, SAYS HASHEM!!
The city of Jerusalem means “city of peace.” Today with about 650,000 people, it only stands as a moderate size city, yet go to your T.V. set and there is no other city in the world that is constantly on the world media and has been for over a decade. Since the beginning of the “Palestinian Intifada” by the Palestinian terrorist’s organization, on September 11, 2000, the world’s attention is constantly riveted by news from Israel and Jerusalem.
The city of Jerusalem has witnessed more wars, sieges, destructions, rebuilding, bloodshed, human suffering and terror than any other city in the world. The first historical mention of Jerusalem is in the Genesis, when Abraham, after routing and overcoming the five kings of the east who invaded the Vale of Shiddon, where the Dead Sea now is, and took Abraham’s nephew, Lot and his family captive. After this historical defeat by this Eastern potentate, son of a Sumerian oracular priest, Abram, he met the king of Salem, Melchizedek, and gave the tithe of the war booty after defeating the coalition of kings. (Genesis 14:18) Many scholars have felt that this mysterious king was non other than Shem, the son of Noah, who as the oldest man in the world would have had great respect and honor. This city of Salem, or the city of “Peace”, is the very site of Old Jerusalem.
Jerusalem is first identified in non-biblical texts as early as the 18th to 19th century BCE in ancient Egyptian texts. The Amarna Letters, dating from the 14th century B.C. mention a city of Canaan by the name of Urusalim and later identified by the same name in Assyrian texts.
The city is next mentioned in the Bible, after the destruction of Ai, (c.1451 BC) when the combined forces of the Adoni-zedek, king of Jerusalem (Lord - King) plus Hoham , king of Hebron; Piram (“a wild ass’), king of Jarmuth; Japhia (“the radiant one”), king of Lachish, and Debir (“oracle”), king of Eglon led an invasion force against Gibeon, one of the ‘Royal cities’, just about 5 miles north of Jerusalem on the road to Joppa. Gibeon, a city without a king, ruled in a form of democracy by a council of elders, was also known as a city of mighty men. Fearful of the Israelite invasion with the destruction of Jericho and Ai, Gibeon by subterfuge convinced some of the princes of Israel to form a peace pact with them.
As such, five cities in the vicinity of Jerusalem, Hebron (“union, league or association”) 19 miles southwest of Jerusalem, Jarmuth (a height”) 15 miles to the southwest, Lachish, 30 miles southwest in the Shephelah, or low hills of Judah, and Eglon (“rolling”), 14 miles from Gaza, banded together to attack and punish Gibeon. Joshua, and a defensive force of Israelites in a forced march all night ascended the escarpment of the hills around Jericho and the Dead Sea and sent the forces of the confederacy in panic, while the “act of God” finished off the forces by hailstones in a meteor shower of fiery bolides during the Long day of Joshua, when the Lord of Hosts, listened to the cry of Joshua, ”Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Ajalon.” (Joshua 10:13) to the west.
After the Day of Dedication at Gilgal, Joshua died and was buried. It was now up to the tribes of Israel to go out and possess the land that had been divided for their habitation. Apparently though Phineas, the High Priest, with consultation with the Urim and the Thummin on the breastplate, it was Judah who was commanded to take the lead and start the act of claiming the land. Judah, along with Simeon, “fought against it (Jerusalem)” and “set the city on fire” (Judges 1: 9). Though razed, the Jebusites, continued to rule at their mountain fortress. Yet, this initiated the first acts of possessing the Land of the Promise.
The name Jerusalem is still one of debate. Rabbinical sources claim the name came from the name Abraham gave to the site on Mount Moriah (Genesis 22) when he offered up his son, Isaac, as a sacrifice to his God. On Mount Moriah, where later the Temple of Solomon would be built (2 Samuel 24:18-25, 2 Chronicles 3:1), Abraham called this site, Jehovah-jireh (Genesis 22:14) or “Jehovah will provide”, and coming from the Hebrew root, “vision of Jehovah”.
Four hundred years later, we meet David, a Hebrew herdsman, turned mercenary for the Philistines in the reign of Saul, the first king of Judah, made an assault on the citadel of the Jebusites, the old city of Salem. By daring maneuvers, David and his men were able to scale the city walls, and overcome the city (2 Samuel 5: 6-7), the city which became his capital city, Jebu-salem, or was it rather, “Jireh-salem” or “Jehovah will provide peace.” Upon this site, Solomon built buildings of adornment including a Temple to the God of Abraham, Isaac and Jacob, which stood unparalleled in ancient times.
Jerusalem Window by Bracha Lavee
Since Abraham’s day, thirty eight times the city of Jerusalem has been conquered and reconquered as the winds of wars have swept over its walls. In the fifteen centuries, from Abraham to the final destruction of Jerusalem in 70 C.E. by the Roman general Titus, the city was besieged at least seventeen times, razed to the ground at least twice and it walls leveled another two times. No city, in ancient or modern times has been assaulted and overthrown as many times as Jerusalem, only to rebound to greater glory.
First came the Egyptians, who plundered the temple of Solomon, then the city was taken by the Philistines and Arabians during the reign of Jehoram (c. 886 BCE) and later by the Israelites in the reign of Amaziah, (c 826 BCE) and then the Assyrians laid a siege but the army of Sennacherib were vaporized by an interplanetary bolide, and the wounded king fled back to Assyria. The Babylonians, after witnessing the vast wealth that remained in the city by invitation of the King Hezekiah, later came to plunder, and eventually destroy the entire city. Three times it was conquered by Nebuchadnezzar, in the years, 607, 597, 596 BCE and then razed to the ground.
The restoration of the city and the temple was restarted under the decree of Cyrus in 538 BCE and completed under Artaxerses 1, who initially commissioned governor Zerubbabel to complete the House of the Lord, Ezra (457 BCE) to bring the priests for the temple service, and Nehemiah to rebuild the walls (445 BCE). The gates to the city were later opened without siege to Alexander the Great in 332 BCE who worshipped in the Temple of God, only to be plundered and conquered by the Seleucid Greek ruler, Antiochus IV Epiphanes, in 167 BCE who desecrated the temple by offering a pig on the altar of God and erected a statue of Zeus in the temple. The brief independence by the Maccabean rulers was soon ended by the power and control of the Roman Empire beginning with the capture by Pompey in 63 BCE It was again plundered by Crassus, in 54 BCE and again the Parthian emperor in 40 BCE.

It was Mark Anthony, who ruled by a surrogate Idumean (Edomites) king, Herod the Great. Under Herod, the Temple of Zerubbabel was enlarged and restored to a grandeur unparalleled in Roman times, and renamed the Temple of Herod. The Herodians controlled the city, under the watchful eye of Roman procurators in the fortress of Antonia until it was again destroyed and the temple eradicated by Titus in 70 C.E. Hadrian restored the city as a Roman colony after the revolt of Bar Kochba in 135 C.E. and erected the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus on the site of the Temple Mount. The Emperor Constantine established the Christian influence by the erection of the Church of the Holy Sepulcher in 336 C.E., and later Emperor Justinian added several churches and hospitals about 532 C.E.
The city was taken by the Persians under Chosroes II in 614 C.E., yet by the year 637 C.E., the city was surrendered by the Patriarch Sophronius to Khalif Omar, the Abassidian ruler in person. The Arabian caliphs ruled the city, first the Abbasids, and then the Fatimid dynasty, and then in 1084, Ortaok, a Turkman chief assumed its rulership.
Mohammed Ali the Great, the Pasha of Egypt (1769-1848)
The Christian crusades in the 11th to 13th century C.E. began in 1099 C.E., when they conquered the Turks. For eighty-eight years Jerusalem remained in Christian hands until the Catholic Crusaders were finally driven out by the famed Muslem warrior, Saladine the Great in 1187 C.E.
In 1277, Jerusalem was nominally annexed to the kingdom of Sicily. In 1517, it passed under the sway of the Ottoman sultan Selim I, whose successor Suleiman the Great built the present walls that surround the city today in 1542 C.E. Mohammed Ali the Great, the pasha of Egypt, took possession of Jerusalem in 1832 BCE and after the bombardment of Acre it was again restored to the sultan.
It is hard to conceive of a Jerusalem unlike the modern metropolitan city of today, yet let us look at Jerusalem through the eyes of William Smith, LL.D, as described in The Dictionary of the Bible in 1884.
Jerusalem 1884 - “Modern Jerusalem (1884), called by the Arabs el-Khuds, is built upon the ruins of ancient Jerusalem. The accumulated rubbish of centuries is very great, being 100 feet deep around the temple walls and 40 feet deep on the hill of Zion. The modern wall, built in 1542, forms an irregular quadrangle about 2 ½ miles in circuit, with seven gates and 34 towers. It varies in height from 20 to 60 feet. The streets within are narrow, ungraded, crooked, and often filthy. The houses are of hewn stone, with flat roofs and frequent domes. There are few windows toward the street.
The most beautiful part of modern Jerusalem is the former temple area (Mount Moriah), “with its lawns and cypress trees, and its noble dome rising high above the wall.” This enclosure, now called Haran esh-Sherif, is 35 acres in extent, and is nearly a mile in circuit.
On the site of the ancient temple stands the Mosque of Omar, “perhaps the very noblest specimen of building-art in Asia.” It is the most prominent as well as the most beautiful building in the whole city.” The mosque is an octagonal building each side measuring 66 feet. It is surmounted by a dome, whose top is 170 feet from the ground.
The Church of the Holy Sepulcher, which is claimed, but without sufficient reason, to be upon the site of Calvary, is “a collection of chapels and altars of different ages and a unique museum of religious curiosities from Adam to Christ.”
The present number of inhabitants in Jerusalem is variously estimated. Probably Pierotti’s estimate is very near the truth, 20,330; of whom 5068 are Christians, 7556 Mohammedans (Arabs and Turks), and 7706 Jews.” (Smith, William LL.D, the Bible Dictionary, Universal Book and Bible House, Philadelphia, 1884)
“What we’re seeing here … are the birth pangs of a new Middle East and whatever we do, we have to be certain that we are pushing forward to the new Middle East, not going back to the old one.” – Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice in 2007
Nineteen years later, in 1967, I was training as a non-combatant soldier at a medical cadet camp in Michigan when the word came across the airwaves that Israel had once again gone to war in defense of her country. During this Six Day War of 1967, the Jewish soldiers broke through the Jordanian front line capturing the Temple Mount and immediately went to pray at the Western Wall. During these six days, Israel took control of the West Bank and Gaza, which was mandated to Israel by the 1919 Treaty of Versailles.